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日期:           2019/09/22 (複習)

廣論頁/行: P130L4~P131L3

手抄頁/行: #7 冊 P227L4~P232LL4

音檔起訖:   55A_0702~55A_1704

 2019  09月
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

Sexual misconduct that is weighty due to its basis is sleeping with those whom you should not have intercourse with—your mother, those who are her relatives, the wives of men who are close friends, nuns, probationary nuns, or female novices. In terms of an inappropriate body part, sexual misconduct that is weighty due to its basis is oral intercourse. In terms of improper time, it is intercourse with one observing a one-day vow, a pregnant woman at the end of term, or one who is ill. In terms of an inappropriate place, it is intercourse in the vicinity of a stupa or within the compound of the community.
Lying that is weighty due to its basis is, through desiring to delude and deceive, telling lies with many purposes; telling lies to those who have helped you—from parents through the buddhas, to good persons, and to friends; and telling a lie that gives rise to one or more of the three weighty actions—killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct. Telling a lie in order to split apart the community is the weightiest among all of these.
【由其事故重邪行者,謂行不應行中,若母母親,委信他妻,或比丘尼,或正學女,或勤策女,非支行中謂於面門,非時行中謂受齋戒,或胎圓滿,或有重病,非處行中謂塔近邊,若僧伽藍。由其事故重妄語者,謂為誑惑多取他財而說妄語,若於父母乃至於佛,若於善賢,若於知友而說妄語,若能起重殺生等三而說妄語,為破僧故而說妄語,於一切中,此為最重。】

前面其他的比較容易,最後一點啊,「為破僧故而說妄語」,一切中這個是最重。真正破僧,現在我們也說實在的,不大……做不到,只有佛世的時候有。可是破僧的因,我們很容易犯,這一點要特別注意。我們在這個團體當中,一點小小的不好,大家說那種離間語,萬萬不可以。所以我剛出家的時候,我的老師就告訴我,說「不會說話的兩頭搬」,搬弄是非的搬,「會說話的兩頭瞞」,我一直到現在受用不盡,一直到現在受用不盡!難免地,人家有的時候,碰見事情啊有點不大痛快,然後我們往往願意做人情,「對 (p228) 啊!你對啊、你對啊!」你不要去說他對,你說他對,他覺得對的,火上加油。你倒是同情他,你是害了他,也害了你自己。那時候應該怎麼辦呢?碰見這種情況的時候,如果你有這種機會的話,你不妨說:「其實他對方倒無心的,我了解,他做過了事情以後,我跟他談起來,他還覺得滿對你抱歉的。」如果你背後這麼一說,他心裡面這個也就慢慢地舒解,對不對?所以你無形當中就做了好事了,所以記到,說「不會說話的兩頭搬,會說話的兩頭瞞。」如果說為了你自己的利益要去這樣說的話,那是更可怕,更可怕!

除了這個以外,還有往往我們為了自己的利益,然後呢,往往談佛法上面,說這個不對,這個對。所以說這個對不對,是為什麼?為你這樣。譬如說輪到我去做廚房,或者看見別人做廚房,欸!配我的胃口,然後他說種種理由,要這樣、要那樣;然後這個人要那樣、要這樣,然後呢這個團體起了個衝突了。這雖然眼前是一點小小的,可是使得這個……凡是你為了不管什麼理由,使得這個大家共同和合而不和合的話,你的破僧的因就在這個地方,這個是最嚴重的妄語跟離間了。我們現在修學佛法,一開口就在那地方,出毛病就在這裡啊,千真萬確!所以在這我這裡特別強調,不准大家隨便說閒話,說來說去,沒有別的,還是保護大家,你們千萬要注意!這一點是千萬注意,千萬注意!我們要想爬上去是千辛萬苦,要想墮落是容易極了,因為無始以來的習氣,你隨便坐在那裡兩三句話 (p229) 一提,你不知不覺當中造了大罪惡了。

Divisive speech that is weighty due to its basis is speech that splits apart those who have been friends for a long time, teachers, parents, parents and their children, or the community; and divisive speech that gives rise to weighty actions—the three physical actions.
【由其事故重離間語者,謂破壞他長時親愛,及善知識父母男女,若能破僧,若能引發身三重業,所有離間語。】

這個。

Offensive speech that is weighty due to its basis is speaking offensive words to parents and the like, or to someone like a guru;
【由其事故重粗惡語者,謂於父母等及餘尊長,說粗惡語,】

所以前面是告訴我們哪,這一點我們常常容易犯,也是太容易了。這個世間呢,在那個什麼?在那個這次講的《大寶積經》上面就告訴我們,這個迦葉尊者就說:「平常我們對菩薩起一念瞋心,或者瞋的行為,這個東西果報不得了!」但是哪一個是菩薩,我們不知道,你怎麼曉得他是菩薩?的的確確有太多的菩薩在這個世間,我們的確認不清楚。我修學了佛法二十多年,現在總算經過善知識的引導,種種跡象看起來是,太多這種。我們現在大家了解,廣欽老和尚他就是那種再來人,他走了我們才說,不走我們不談的。有很多明確的事實,而這種不斷地一直有,既然是這樣的話,你怎麼曉得現時沒有呢?所以我們隨隨便便妄加批評,妄加那個的話,都是對我們造成絕大損害,這個地方千萬注意!平常我們總想到:我在無明當中,我總在無明當中。你能夠這樣想的話,總好!繼續下去。

speaking offensive words with untrue and inaccurate lies; and directly scolding, criticizing, or reproaching. Senseless speech that is weighty due to its basis is as follows. The weight of the senseless speech of the three other nonvirtuous vocal actions—lying, and so forth—is as above. Other actions of senseless speech that are weighty due to their bases include senseless words based on fighting, faultfinding, disputes, and divisions; such activities as reading the treatises of non-Buddhists with an attitude of attachment; and ridiculing, taunting, or speaking inappropriately toward parents, kinspeople, and someone like a guru.
(p230) 【若以非真非實妄語說粗惡語,現前毀罵,訶責於他。由其事故重綺語者,妄語等三,所有綺語,輕重如前。若諸依於鬥訟諍競所有綺語,若以染心,於外典籍,而讀誦等。若於父母親屬尊重,調弄輕笑,現作語言,不近道理。】

這個我們最容易犯,最容易犯。

Covetousness that is weighty due to its basis includes desiring the offerings made to the community and stupas; and with arrogance about your own good qualities, desiring to receive, from kings and the like or from learned religious companions, profit and services for your knowledge.
【由其事故重貪欲者,謂若貪欲僧伽,佛塔所有財寶,及於己德起增上慢,乃於王等及諸聰叡同梵行所起增上欲,貪求利敬。】

這個貪,這個重的是什麼呢?造寺院裡面,這是最嚴重的。你可以說積功德,這是最好的,不得了地好;反過來的話呢,是非常嚴重,一點的小便宜,貪了,不得了!然後呢,「己德起增上慢」,譬如說我們現在大家共同的話,人家講的什麼,或者人家的德行,自己總覺得:「那有什麼了不起!」哦!這一句話,不得了地可怕呀!我們處處地方要想:啊,不如人家!啊,要讚歎人家!原因就在這個地方,原因就在這個地方。下面是瞋恚。

p. 131

Malice that is weighty due to its basis includes malice directed toward parents, kinspeople, gurus, those without fault, the poor, the suffering, the pitiful, and those who have done something wrong to you but confess this to you from the depths of their hearts.
【由其事故重瞋恚者,謂於父母親屬尊長,無過貧苦諸可哀愍,諸誠心悔所作過者, (p231) 起損害心。】

這個是瞋心,對於自己的尊長,或者是貧苦的,或者他來懺悔了,你還呀心裡面放不下。

Wrong views that are weighty due to their bases are the rejection of all the fundamental religious tenets (this is weightier even than other wrong views)
【由其事故重邪見者,謂能轉趣謗一切事,較餘邪見此為最重。】

這個是邪見當中最嚴重的一件事情。凡是你的邪見,由這個邪見,而毀謗真實的因果緣起法則的,這個是最嚴重。

and also the view that in the world there are neither arhats, those who have reached reality, nor those who have entered reality. Understand wrong views that are the opposite of these to be light.
【又謂世間無阿羅漢,正至正行,此見亦爾。與上相違是輕應知。】

跟上面相反的,那個就是輕的,這是我們應該了解的。那麼上面說重的,關於這個輕重的相,你們要好好地自己的細細地觀察一下,自己的思惟一下。平常我們修學佛法啊,剛開始第一步真正要注意的就是這個地方,往往一點點很小的,小的這個善惡,就得到無比地大的果報。尤其是我們現在修學佛法的人,尤其是近事或者居士,乃至於出家的同修們,這一點千真萬確,千真萬確!這件衣服,真是被上的是大幸、大幸,有絕大的功德!但是你弄得不對了,一被了這件衣服,造起罪來是可怕,也是不得了地可怕,不得了地 (p232) 可怕!所以佛經上面一直跟我們說:白衣人,白衣啊下地獄還不大容易咧,但是出家人的話,啊,那容易得不得了!當然反過來說,作功德的話,也是一樣,這個原因我們要注意。我們現在一天到晚,自己也被了,周圍的人都是這個,不是佛寶,就是法寶,就是僧寶。我想我們今天就講到這個地方。

《菩提道次第廣論》131頁。關於這個業的輕重,我們同樣做一個事,結果往往因為不了解這個,雖然你做小小的一點,說業會增長廣大,固然。這個業的增長廣大是屬於我們內心的,這一點我們還容易了解,容易控制。而有很多啊,它本身因為它的這個事情的特質,就顯出了輕重很大的差別,這一點我們要特別了解。所以往往有的時候,在一個很小的小事情上面,你做好的,感得絕大的善果;惡的,也同樣地感得絕大的惡果。前面已經說了,說這個重的,哪幾樣是比較重的。後面又說〈本地分〉,《瑜伽師地論》上面也告訴我們: