(iii) The suffering of illness. Here there are also five points to contemplate:
【◎ 思惟病苦分五。】

苦也分五個，把它唸一下。我想這個苦大家都容易體會得到，所以唸一下你們自己去體會它。第一個：

1) Illness changes the nature of the body: the flesh wastes away, the skin dries out, and so forth.
2) Pain and anguish increase and are seldom absent: the elements of the body—water, earth, air, and fire—are not in equilibrium and fluctuate chaotically, causing physical torment, which in turn produces mental anguish. You spend night and day in this state.
【身性變壞者，謂身肉銷瘦，皮膚乾枯等。增長憂苦多住憂苦者，謂身中水等諸界，分不平均增減錯亂，身生逼惱，心起憂痛而度晝夜。】

這是第二個。

3) There is no desire for attractive things:
【不能受用悅意境界者，】

(p168) 平常的時候，你要眼睛也好，吃也好、玩也好，那個時候都不行了。

as you are told that desirable things harm those who are sick, you cannot indulge in them freely; and you do not have the range of movements and postures that you would wish.
4) You must have recourse, however unwillingly, to unpleasant objects: the sick are forced to take unpalatable medicine, food, drink, and the like; and have to rely on harsh therapies that involve such things as being burned with fire or being penetrated with instruments.
【謂若有云，諸可意境於病有損，雖欲享受而不自在，如是諸威儀道，亦多不能隨欲。諸非可意境界受用，雖非所欲須強受用者，謂諸非悅飲食藥等，須強飲用，如是火炙及刀割等，諸粗苦事，皆須習近。】

前面是說你歡喜的，對不起，不行。你不歡喜的偏偏要，就這樣。

5) You lose your vital energy: it is painful to realize that your illness is terminal. Reflect with care upon these points.
【速離命根者，謂見病難治，便生痛苦，當於此等審細思惟。】

同樣的。

As the 《Extensive Sport S?tra》 says: Hundreds of illnesses and the pain of rampant disease afflict us, just as humans oppress wild animals.
【《廣大遊戲經》云：「多百種病及病苦，如人逐鹿逼眾生，】

就像人，打獵的人趕那個鹿一樣，這個病，這個病來害我們也是這個。

Regard the beings overwhelmed by old age and disease and quickly speak about escape from suffering.
【當觀老病壞眾生，惟顯速說苦出離。】

趕快啊！要從佛那個地方，告訴我們這個苦，從這個地方想辦法跳出來啊！

In deep winter, wind and great blizzards Take the vigor from the grasses, shrubs, trees, and herbs. In the same way, disease takes the vigor out of living beings; It breaks down their faculties, physical appearance, and strength.
【譬如冬季大風雪，草木林藥奪光榮，如是病奪眾生榮，衰損諸根及色力。】

(p169) 一樣！

It will drain a great fortune in wealth and grain to the last. Disease constantly humiliates living beings; It harms them and is contemptuous of beauty. It torments them, like the sun beating down from the sky.
【令盡財穀及大藏，病常輕蔑諸眾生，作諸損惱瞋諸愛，周遍炎熱如空日。」】

這個文字也不必解釋，這個文字自己仔細地觀察，反正像這種東西自己都體會得到的，很容易。體會得到的，體會；體會不到的，信得過佛，努力去思惟、觀察。現在目前這個時候最切要的一件事情，我們一定要把這個概念提起來。 最後，生、老、病、死當中，「死」：

(iv) The suffering of death Again, there are five points to contemplate:
1) You are separated from objects that are fine and attractive.
2) You are separated from close relatives who are fine and attractive.
3) You are separated from companions who are fine and attractive.
4) You are deprived of a body that is fine and attractive.
5) As you die, you experience terrible pain and anguish. Reflect on these repeatedly, until you become disenchanted.
【◎ 思惟死苦分五。謂捨離圓滿可愛財位，捨離圓滿可愛親族，捨離圓滿可愛朋翼，捨離圓滿可愛身體，死時當受猛利憂苦，乃至意未厭此諸苦，當數思惟。】

只要我們的心念當中，對前面這個真相不認識，因為不認識而不厭離，乃至於貪著。在這種狀態，要不斷地思惟，現在我們不忙別的，真正要忙的是要忙這個啊，這個要注意啊！我們現在這裡要求學問，不要把它看成學問看，它是目的在這裡。你能夠在這個上面，那就是你的大學問，否則你認識得再多是沒有用啊！

How do the first four of these constitute suffering? You suffer upon seeing that you are losing these four excellent things.
【前四為苦之理者，謂見當離此四圓滿而發憂苦。】

(p170) 這個就是說財位、親屬等等。

The 《Extensive Sport S?tra》: You die and pass on to another life, and in so doing you are forever separated from people who are beautiful and beloved. Like a leaf fallen from a tree, or the current of a river, you will never return and meet them again. Death makes the powerful weak. Death takes you away, as a river carries away a log. People go alone, unaccompanied, with no companion—powerless because their karma has its effects.
【《廣大遊戲經》亦云：「若死若沒死沒時，永離親愛諸眾生，不還非可重會遇，如樹落葉同逝水。死令王者無自在，死劫猶如水漂木，獨去無伴無二人，自業具果無自在。】

這個是自己的業力所感得的，你沒有辦法可想的。

Death seizes myriad living beings, as sea-monsters seize swarms of creatures, as an eagle seizes a snake, or a lion an elephant, as fire takes hold of grass, trees, and swarming creatures.
【死擒多百諸含靈，如海鯨吞諸眾生，猶龍金翅象遇獅，同草木聚遭猛火。」】

這個死來的時候，就是這樣的一個狀態，不管在任何狀態當中，一旦死來了，好，就這麼一條路，就這麼一條路。這個是生老病死，這個四樣，今天這個地方說一下。

請翻到《菩提道次第廣論》第161頁。八苦已經講了生、老、病、死，每一個裡邊分五個項目，每一個裡邊分五個項目。這個是多去思惟、觀察，那麼那個時候，會產生強烈的一種感受，說人生無非都是痛苦。那麼下面另外四個，那就是眼前我們處處地方，感受這個三種，最後一個實際上呢，這就是根本，最重要的。現在一個一個地我們討論下去，看文：

p. 161

(v) The suffering of encountering what is unpleasant. Here there are also five points to contemplate:
(p171) 【◎ 思惟怨憎會苦分五。】

也分五樣。

1) Merely encountering your enemies, for example, causes pain and anguish.
2) You dwell in fear of being punished by them.
3)You fear they will speak maliciously, without kind words.
4) You dread death.
5) You worry that you will go to a miserable realm after death for having acted in ways contrary to the teaching. Reflect on these.
【謂如遇怨敵，便生憂苦，畏其制罰，怖畏惡名，遭非讚頌，畏苦惱死，違正法故，畏懼死後，墮諸惡趣。當思此等。】

世間理想的事情，偏偏不容易找到。那麼不理想的呢，我們不希望的呢，偏偏排遣不開。怨的冤家，瞋的，你所討厭的，偏偏要讓你碰到。我們眼前想想看，的確隨時隨地沒有一樣東西稱我們心。那麼這個裡邊分五個項目。遇到怨敵，就生憂、苦—心裡面憂愁，然後呢，怨敵互相傷害，身上面苦惱。這憂苦也可以分身心、兩方面，也可以總和身心而言。

那麼又怕他，這總的，怕他傷害你，怕他傷害你，這第二個。由於這樣，同時呢「怖畏惡名」，這個怨家，大家都—你說我不對，我說你不對，那麼種種的對我們的誹謗。然後呢，「遭非讚頌」，讚跟頌是我們希望的，在這種情況之下，他偏偏不但得不到，而且傷害你。還有呢，怖畏惱死，不但是眼前實際上的名譽，實質上的傷害，而且乃至於因此而送掉性命。送掉了性命呢，「違正法故」，還要怕死後墮落惡趣，這樣。這個五個方 (p172) 面。怨的呢偏偏碰到，反過來你希望的嘛，偏偏要別離！

(vi) The suffering of separation from what is pleasant. Again, there are five points to contemplate. When you are separated from a very dear relative, for example:
1) In your mind, sorrow arises.
【思惟愛別離苦分五。謂若捨離最愛親等，由此令心發生憂慼，】

第一個憂愁，心裡邊真是……。

2) In your speech, you lament.
【語生愁歎，】

心裡面嘛，憂慼；開起口來嘛，唉呀，真不曉得什麼是好！

3) You bring harm to your own body.
4) You are saddened, recalling and missing the good qualities of what you have lost.
【身生擾惱，念彼功德，思戀因緣令意熱惱，】

4) You are saddened, recalling and missing the good qualities of what you have lost.
【念彼功德，思戀因緣令意熱惱，】

因為想起來這個恩愛的人有種種好處，捨不得啊！心裡面就放不下。

5) Recourse is no longer available for what you have lost. Reflect on these.
【應受用等有所缺乏。當思此等。】

因此我種種的受用也缺乏，也分五項，這都容易懂。

(vii) The suffering of not getting what you want. Again, there are five points,
【◎ 思惟所欲求不得苦分五。】

這第七個，你要求的呢求不到，

similar to separation from what is pleasant.
【如愛別離】

就像愛別離一樣，愛別離是你親愛的，所

Seeking but not getting what you want means,
(p178) 【求不得者，】

就是你忙的事情。

for example, farming a field but reaping no harvest,
【謂務農業秋實不成，】

種田人呢忙了半天，收成不好。

or engaging in business but receiving no profits.
【及營商賈未獲利等，】

作生意人呢，得不到利益。

The pain of disappointment comes from working hard to get something that you long for, and then not getting it.
【由於所欲勵力追求而未得故，灰心憂苦。】

這個文都容易懂。那麼我們這是把這個所說的意義，隨時隨地多方面，擺在我們現實生活狀態當中去體會。譬如說，乃至於我們出家了，修學佛法了也是，唉呀，想像當中一番熱誠，可是跑到哪裡呀大失所望！那就是什麼？求不得。求不得的另外一面呢，偏偏碰見的，那還不如我們想像。萬一你覺得滿好的話呢，也不一定能夠好—覺得現在，喔唷，許多真正有成就的等等，偏偏你又沒辦法跟著他，就是諸如此類。不管是世間、出世間，在在都是這種現況。最後：